CUMULONIMBUS
Cumulonimbus are isolated to highly organized clouds
made up of water droplets in their lower portions and ice
particles in their upper portions; they have dark bases.
Precipitation always falls from cumulonimbus clouds, and
severe weather most often occurs with them; if there is
lightning or thunder; the cloud is considered to be a
cumulonimbus. In arid regions, the rain or snow may
evaporate before it reaches the ground; this phenomenon,
called virga, is often accompanied by gusty winds.
A cumulonimbus is formed when rising currents of warm
air cool to saturation; water vapor in the currents condenses
into droplets, forming a small cumulus. Continued rising
warm air currents create a swelling cumulus and, finally, a
cumulonimbus. For this stage to be reached, atmosphere
must be very unstable in a deep layer. Cumulonimbus
clouds are deep enough that cloud bases often are not
visible at a distance when the rest of the cloud can be
seen. Bases of cumulonimbus range from about 2,000' to
4,000' (600-1,200 m) in humid regions to as high as
8,000' to 15,000' (2,400-4,500 m) in dry regions.